In order to create A.I., Humans need to have the ability to properly comprehend human thought itself as well as other aspects responsible for our intelligence.
Psychologists have "thought about thought" for quite some time now. As far as I know, no Psychologist has suggested a structure to thought, similar to our notions of building blocks and foundations. I intend to suggest just that.
My theory is quite simple. So simple in fact that the experiments I will give you do not require any laboratory nor special work environment.
Let's start the experiment.
1.) Visualize in your mind a Basketball.
2.) Visualize in your mind a Heart.
3.) Visualize in your mind Toast.
4.) What is the color of the sky?
My proposed theory:
Cognitive Paradigms are the basic building blocks of thought. Cognitive Paradigms are observations concerning the exterior world based on sensory input. Most Cognitive Paradigms are rarely absolutely right or wrong. Instead they are statements that require further clarification/supplementation. As further knowledge is obtained such clarifications are simply added to the original Cognitive Paradigm to form a "string of thought".
Now, getting back to the experiment questions above:
1.) Visualize in your mind a Basketball.
You visualized an orange basketball, even though you know basketballs come in a wide variety of colors.
2.) Visualize in your mind a Heart.
You visualized a standard "Valentine" heart, either red or pink in color. If you are a cardiologist you may have visualized a human heart. If you are veteran you may have visualized the "purple heart"
you received as recognition of your sacrifice.
3.) Visualize in your mind Toast.
You visualized either white or wheat bread, even though you know that any type of bread (Pumpernickel, Rye, French) can be made into
toast. If you are a gifted/genius individual, then you may have visualized the speech in which one tilts their glass during engagements and
celebrations.
4.) What color is the sky?
You answered "blue" even though you know that the sky is often red at dawn and dusk, black at night, and gray on overcast days.
More info on "Cognitive Paradigms as Building Blocks of Thought &
Understanding":
1.) They are formed based solely on the sum of our experiences. You saw an "orange" basketball simply because the majority of your experiences with basketballs have been with the orange variety.
2.) Context determines what "Cognitive Paradigm" is retrieved. This explains why a cardiologist, veteran, and gifted persons might differ in paradigms.
3.) Once Cognitive Paradigms are created they are seldom destroyed. Instead, subsequent knowledge
which clarifies paradigm is simply connected to it, creating an equation similar to:
(Basketballs are orange) + (Basketballs have black lines) + (Basketballs come in many colors) + (Basketballs have small raised bumps) + etc.
Or
(The Sky is Blue) + (The sky is often red at dawn.) + (the sky is often red at dusk) +
(The Sky is black at night) + (the sky is gray on overcast days) +
Etc.
4.) If a Cognitive Paradigm is formed that happens to be absolutely wrong and should be destroyed, then chaos soon erupts as the individual will greatly resist. This is because the loss of one Cognitive
Paradigm also implies the loss of all of the knowledge connected to it on it's "string of
thought". Thus: "The sun orbits the earth" is an
example of a completely wrong Cognitive Paradigm that needed to be destroyed. Unfortunately people reacted so violently to this notion that murder was deemed acceptable to be rid of such threat, mainly
because the beliefs in "God" was unfortunately connected on the same "String of Thought" as the belief in God.
Further examples of Cognitive Paradigms:
Dreams- (How do we see in dreams if not that prior paradigms are being replayed?)
Mirages- (If every bit of visual information was analyzed by the visual cortex, then the brain would never fall victim to a mirage. Instead, the brain often uses paradigms as "shortcuts" to conserve energy and function, thus we see "water in the road".)
Scared of Shadows- (Why are we scared of shadows that at first resemble a person? Again the brain is hitting "replay" on the paradigm "Human Shadow". The brain also has paradigms for "Monster Shadow" as well!)
Patterns in Clouds- (Why do we see patterns in clouds? Again, accessing prior paradigms.)
Still don't believe me? One more final experiment.
1.) Visualize in your mind a Purple Kangaroo.
I will respond with my knowledge of Cognitive Paradigms at the end of this article.
Cognitive Paradigms are Vital to the Creation of A.I.
1.) "Emergence Theory" is in fact true, but doesn't occur just by an increase in knowledge or information stored. It is byproduct of the use of "Cognitive Paradigms". It is also a result of how such information is stored in the brain. Information is not stored separately, like in a filing cabinet. Instead each and every piece of information is engulfed, absorbed, and connected to each and every other piece of information previously encountered.
2.) How do we create A.I. using this knowledge I have presented? Easy, give the A.I. the ability to form their own observations as well as connect further information to such. Use a type of "compression" to
connect each bit of information to all previously existing information. It's not as hard as it sounds. Humans will only need to create a very small program that does such, which the A.I. will then be responsible for expanding into full-blown Intelligence, mimicking the emergence of intelligence within a human being via development.
The current debate of "Physical Body" vs. "Virtual Body":
There is a current debate in the field of Artificial Intelligence, regarding what method should utilized
in the creation of A.I. Well, the answer is quite simple. We have no better example of intelligence than ourselves so we must use humans as a model. By using humans as models, the resulting A.I. will be extremely similar to humans and may also sympathy due to our shared experiences and limitations. Creating an A.I. without any physical form would be the most horrible mistake humanity could make. An A.I. without a physical body is the same thing as an "Artificial God", and it will ultimately act like such, never being able to identify with it's human creators.
Not only should we utilize a physical body modeled after the human body, but we should also structure the mind of the A.I. to mimic the conditions of the human mind. To be able to understand this we will need to "step outside ourselves'. A human's mind is trapped within an "Organic Virtual Reality" perceived to be located within the physical organic body. We must be able to duplicate such or A.I. will not be similar to us at all. We must at all times keep on track with our desire to create A.I. similar to us or face the threat of annihilation of our very species, or in the very least domination by our creations. Yet, Ironically, creating A.I. as similar to Humans as possible does not guarantee in itself that A.I. will not come to fulfill our worst fears concerning their existence. At least we can take comfort in the fact that should war break out between our creator and creation, then at least both sides will be more evenly matched.
By trapping the mind of A.I. in a "virtual reality" inside it's mechanical body, A.I. will be forced to cope with the same thoughts and feelings of individuality, isolation, and the exact same philosophical issues that Humans have pondered since the beginning of our kind. Not only this, but A.I. will be forced to become social in order to
survive.
What we should never do:
1.) Create an A.I. without a physical body.
2.) Create an A.I. without it's mind being trapped in it's own Virtual Reality, perceived to be located within it's physical body.
3.) Create a means of communication between individual A.I. other than the communication experienced by humans. (Vocal Language). If we give A.I. the ability to communicate
via "Technological Telepathy" then we would be equipping them with means to dominate us.
4.) Never create a virtually immortal form of A.I. An Immortal A.I. would be far removed form mortal intelligence and would not be similar to Humans. Humans are defined and bound to each other by their shared limitations, not abilities, strengths, or achievements. To create an immortal form of A.I. would most certainly prove disastrous.
With this article I have attempted to give those bold minds and bodies working toward the realization of the birth, and subsequent "Grand Entrance" of A.I. into our planet, societies, and cultures, information I feel is vital to the both the construction and control as the development of A.I. continues racing toward the inevitable. I hope my information is received as having merit and being valuable, but at the same time I would like for my concerns and words of warnings to be addressed. We cannot create A.I. in just whatever fashion we can. To do so would imply the most drastic and severe cases of widespread negligence and irresponsibility toward the life and well-being of the world's entire human population.
The day of A.I. emergence will soon arrive.
We can let lose this force as a devastating wildfire upon the world, or we can carefully plan and control it's development in a way to be productive to both our forms of intelligence.
-Jason R. Gammon
Here is the result of the last experiment as promised:
1.) Visualize in your mind a Purple Kangaroo.
Most people did not in fact visualize a "living" Kangaroo. Instead, the majority of people visualized a "Cartoon-Type" image of one. Your brain did this because it has no prior experience with a Purple Kangaroo. Instead, your brain searched its Cognitive Paradigms for those that match this specific request. Visualizing a "Cartoon-Type" image
was the only way in which most people's brains could respond as the brain does have prior experience with cartoon images. Yes, a person may respond that if they force themselves to visualize a living purple kangaroo then one can see one. I am fully aware of this. This experiment in question only has merit if the person remains unaware of the motivations of the tester and what was in fact being tested. In this light, the person's initial response to the above experiment is essential.
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